Chokwadi makanzwa nezvaJehovha basa rekuongorora uye pamwe wakambozvibvunza kuti chii chaizvo chaisanganisira, maitiro ekugadzirira kuita basa iri España uye chii chakakodzera kwayo munyika yebasa. Muchikamu chino, tichatsanangura zvakadzama kuti chii topography, inzvimbo dzipi dzekudzidza dzainofukidza uye nemikana yehunyanzvi yainopa. Pamusoro pezvo, isu tichasanganisira ruzivo nezve mayunivhesiti nemasangano anodzidzisa zvidzidzo zvesainzi yemakomputa. Injiniya muGeomatics uye Topography muSpain, pamwe chete neruzivo rwakananga nezvenguva yayo uye maitiro.
Chii chinonzi topography?
La topography Iyo sainzi yakakosha iyo ine basa rekudzidza iyo graphic inomiririra yePasi, munzvimbo diki uye munzvimbo huru. Zita rayo rinobva pamazwi echiGiriki okuti "topo" (nzvimbo) uye "grafos" (mumiriri), iyo inoratidza chinangwa chayo chikuru: kugadzira zvine hunyanzvi kumiririra kwakadzama kwenzvimbo.
Ichi chinomiririra chinowanikwa kuburikidza nekuverenga masvomhu, kuyerwa chaiko uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Mibairo yezviito izvi inoratidzwa mu maps kana mifananidzo inozivikanwa se topographic surveys. Aya mabasa akakosha kumapurojekiti e ouinjiniya, mabasa ehurumende, kuronga maguta uye zvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza.
Musiyano pakati petopography uye geodesy
Kunyangwe iyo topography and the geodesy Vanogona kunge vakafanana, chiyero chavo chebasa chakasiyana. Nepo topography inotarisa pane zvidiki zvine zvinomiririra zvakati sandara, geodesy ine hupamhi hwakakura uye inotarisa kukombama kwePasi. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, dzidziso idzi dzinoshanda pamwe chete kuti dziwane mhedzisiro yakakwana uye yakarurama.
Mabasa emuongorori
Basa re kuongorora injiniya Inosanganisira akati wandei akakosha mabasa anosanganisira:
- Kuyera Kurongeka uye hukuru: Kushandisa zviridzwa zvakaita sekambasi, theodolites uye odometers, pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwakadai se. drones uye masisitimu GPS.
- Gadzirira mepu nezvirongwa: Yakanyatso graphic inomiririra yenzvimbo chaiyo nenzvimbo, yakakosha pakuvaka uye mapurojekiti ezvivakwa.
- Mazano pamusoro pemabasa ehurumende nemapurojekiti: Basa ravo rakakosha kuona kugona kwevhu uye kuvimbisa kushandiswa kwakakwana kwenzvimbo.
- Shandisa specialized software: Shandisa zvirongwa zvakaita seAutoCAD, ArcGIS, uye mamwe masisitimu eruzivo rwenzvimbo kumiririra uye kuongorora data.
Mapazi ekudzidza mubasa retopography
Mutambo we Injiniya muGeomatics uye Topography MuSpain inovhara zvakasiyana-siyana zvehunyanzvi uye zvesainzi zvirango, senge:
- Geometry uye Masvomhu: Yakakosha hwaro hwekuverenga uye graphical inomiririra.
- Mepu: Kugadziriswa kwemamepu enzvimbo uye zvirongwa chaizvo.
- Photogrammetry Kushandisa mafoto emuchadenga kuyera uye mepu nzvimbo dzakakura.
- Geodesy: Kudzidza kwePasi rose.
- GIS (Geographic Information Systems): Kutungamira uye kuongororwa kweiyo geospatial data.
- Position astronomy: Inoenderana nekufambisa uye chaiyo yekumisikidza basa.
Ndekupi kudzidza Topography Engineering muSpain?
MuSpain, kune akasiyana mayunivhesiti anopa dhigirii mukati Injiniya muGeomatics uye Topography, dhigirii ye240 zvikwereti ECTS iyo inosanganisa theoretical uye inoshanda kudzidziswa. Mamwe mayunivhesiti anozivikanwa ndeaya:
- Polytechnic University yeMadrid (ETSITGC).
- Polytechnic University yeValencia (UPV).
- Yunivhesiti yeJaén (EPS Jaén).
- Sevilla University.
- Yunivhesiti yeLas Palmas de Gran Canaria.
Uyezve, mune mamwe mayunivhesiti unogona kuenderera mberi nekudzidziswa kwako ne tenzi muGeomatics Engineering uye Geoinformation, iyo inowedzera zvakanyanya mikana yako yebasa.
Zviridzwa uye matekinoroji anoshandiswa mutopography
El muongorori inoshandisa advanced, high-precision maturusi ayo anotendera iwe kuti uite zviyero chaizvo. Pakati pezviridzwa izvi pane:
- Theodolites: Kuyera makona akachinjika uye akatwasuka.
- Compass: Zviridzwa zvechinyakare asi zvichiri kubatsira kune zvakati tarisei.
- Odometers: Kuyera nhambwe pasi.
- Drones: Inoshandiswa mufotogrammetry kumepu nzvimbo dzakakura munguva pfupi.
- GPS uye GNSS masisitimu: Zvekumisikidza uye kufamba munguva chaiyo.
Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi software senge AutoCAD uye zvimwe zvirongwa GIS inogonesa kumiririra uye manejimendi yetopographic data.
Nyanzvi kubuda kwemuongorori
Basa rekuongorora riri kudiwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakawanda. Pakati penzvimbo huru dzebasa ndezvi:
- Kuvakwa: Zvidzidzo zvepasi zvemabasa ehurumende, zvivakwa uye kuronga kwemadhorobha.
- Migodhi nekurima: Kuronga nekugadzirisa ivhu rezviitwa izvi.
- Technology sector: Management ye geographic information system uye cartography.
- Public sector: Shanda mumasangano akadai semakanzuru emaguta uye mainjiniya mazano.
Mutambo we Injiniya muGeomatics uye Topography Haisi kungokubvumidza kuti uongorore nyika nenzira yehunyanzvi uye yekuongorora, asi zvakare inovhura akasiyana-siyana emikana yebasa nekuda kwekushandisa kwayo muzvikamu zvakakosha zvetekinoroji. hupfumi sekuvaka, kuronga maguta uye kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza.