Munguva yekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro, kwaunogona kutenga kubva parunhare mbozha, kutyaira mota yemagetsi kana kutumira maemail mumasekonzi kune rimwe divi repasi, chokwadi chiripo chinoramba chichipokana nekufambira mberi uku: Mamiriyoni evanhu munyika haazivi kuverenga kana kunyora.. Kunyange zvazvo kusagona kuverenga nekunyora kwakaderedzwa mumatunhu akawanda, kuchiri kukanganisa nharaunda dzine hurombo uye kunosiya migumisiro yehupfumi, yemagariro uye yemunhu kune avo vanotambura nazvo.
Dambudziko rekusagona kuverenga nekunyora: Dambudziko repasi rose
Spain haina kutiza chokwadi ichi. Parizvino, nyika ine vanhu vanopfuura 800.000 vanotarisana nezvipingamupinyi pakuverenga nekunyora, vachiganhurirwa mukuwana ruzivo rwakakodzera kana mumikana yekuvandudza zvizere zvese mubasa uye mativi emunhu. Dambudziko iri, zvisinei, rine chiso chakatarwa: vanomwe pagumi vanhu vasingagoni kuverenga nekunyora vanhukadzi, vakawanda vanopfuura makore 60. Huwandu uhu hunoratidza nyaya dzekusaenzana mukuwaniswa kwedzidzo, apo madzimai aiitwa mabasa epamba kana emaoko, vachisiiwa pamikana yekudzidziswa.
Padanho repasi rose, maonero acho haasati achiodza mwoyo. Maererano neSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, vanopfuura mamirioni makumi matanhatu neshanu vadiki havasi muchikoro, zvichienderera mberi kutenderera kwemarudzi ehurombo uye kusabatwa. Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kushaikwa kwokugona kurava nokunyora hakusati kuchiganhurirwa kunhamba yavanhu vakura; Vana nevechiri kuyaruka vanotamburawo mhedzisiro yekushaikwa kwezvishandiso zvedzidzo uye mitemo inosanganisirwa.
Ndivanaani vanonyanyotapurwa nokusagona kurava nokunyora?
Chimiro chakanyanya pakati pevanhu vasina kuverenga chinosanganisira kumiririra kwakasimba kwevakadzi, kunyanya muhuwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu ezera. Muhuduku hwavo, vazhinji vevakadzi ava vaigara kumaruwa kana kuti mari shoma apo chainyanya kukosha ndechekubatsira muhupfumi mudzimba, zvichisiya dzidzo sechinyakare chisingasvikiki. Asi kushaikwa kwechikoro uku hakungobata vanhukadzi chete; Kuwedzera kwakaonekwawo mune vechidiki vechidiki avo, nekuda kwekutanga basa trajectories kana kusiya chikoro, vanoshaya hunyanzvi hwekutanga.
Raúl, mudzidzi paBernal Díaz del Castillo public education centre (CEPA) muMedina del Campo, anoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu aya. Pazera remakore 46, akasarudza kutarisana nenyadzi dzokusaziva kuverenga kana kunyora kuti azadzise chinangwa chake: kuwana rezinesi rake rokutyaira, chinangwa chaanoona sedanho rinokosha rokuvandudza upenyu hwake. Uyu muenzaniso unoratidza nzira yekuwana makirasi okudzidza kuverenga nekunyora inogona kushandura hupenyu.
Impact yekusagona kuverenga pamhando yehupenyu
Kusagona kuverenga kunoganhurira kwete mikana yebasa chete, asiwo kugona kuwana masevhisi ekutanga, kudyidzana nenharaunda yedhijitari, kana kutonzwisisa mirairo yemishonga yakakosha. Munyika iri kuramba ichibatana, kushaikwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuverenga nekunyora hakusi kungosimudzira kusabatanidzwa munzanga, asi kunowedzerawo kukanganiswa kwehupfumi uye hutano hwevanhu vasingagoni kuverenga.
Kuvakadzi vakuru vakanga vasingakwanisi kuwana dzidzo, kufirwa kana kuparadzaniswa kunomirira rimwe dambudziko. Vanoti vanonzwa “vasingaoneki” munzanga yazvino uno iri kufambira mberi nokukurumidza. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vazhinji vavo vanosarudza nzvimbo dzedzidzo yevakuru, mayunivhesiti akakurumbira kana mapurogiramu eNGO ekudzidza kuverenga nekunyora, kwete chete kuzvitonga, asiwo senzira yekuzvipa simba uye kunakidzwa nenharaunda yako.
Makirasi ekudzidza evakuru: Chishandiso chakakosha chekubatanidzwa
ari makirasi evakuru ekuverenga nekuverenga Vanobuda semhinduro huru yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri. MuSpain, matanho aya anowanikwa kuburikidza nemasangano akasiyana siyana uye zvirongwa, kubva kunzvimbo dzehunyanzvi dzedzidzo kuenda kumasangano enharaunda.
Mumaguta akaita seMadrid, masangano akaita se “La Frontera Social” anoita makosi akagadzirirwa vanhu vakuru vanoda kudzidza hunyanzvi hwakadai sekuverenga, kunyora uye kuverenga. Asi kunze kwekudzidzisa ruzivo rwehunyanzvi, zvirongwa izvi zvinopa nzvimbo yakachengeteka apo vadzidzi vanowana chivimbo uye vanosangana nevamwe vanhu vane nyaya dzakafanana, vachigadzira pfungwa yakasimba yenharaunda.
Digital kuverenga, dambudziko idzva
Mumamiriro ezvinhu azvino, kusagona kurava nokunyora hakugumiri pakusagona kurava nokunyora. Inosanganisirawo kushaya hunyanzvi hwekudyidzana nehunyanzvi, iyo inonzi digitaalinen kuverenga nekunyora. Dambudziko iri rinotadzisa vanhu kuongorora internet, kutumira maemail kana kuita online transactions, vachivasiya kunze kwenyika yedhijitari.
Kuti vagadzirise danho iri, zvirongwa zvakawanda zvekuverenga nekunyora zvinosanganisira hunyanzvi hwedhijitari muzvidzidzo zvavo, kudzidzisa vanhu vakuru mashandisiro enharembozha, kufona kwevhidhiyo, kubata masocial network kana kubhenga online. Matanho aya haangodzikisi kupatsanurwa kwedhijitari, asiwo anopa vanhu simba kuti vashande zvirinani muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvirongwa zvakaita seizvo zveUNED yeTudela zvinopa makosi akagadzirirwa vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu ezera, kubatanidza maturusi eICT kuvimbisa kuchembera uye kune hutano. Izvo zvirongwa zvinotangira kubva kuemail manejimendi kusvika pakushandiswa kwenharembozha, zvese zvakachinjirwa kune izvo zvinodikanwa zvezera iri.
Basa rekuzvipira mukudzidza kuverenga
Kuzvipira kunoita basa rinokosha mukurwisa kusagona kuverenga nekunyora. Masangano neNGOs padanho renyika nepasirese vakazvipira vanhu vanopa maawa enguva yavo kudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekutanga kune avo vanohuda zvakanyanya. Mukudzoka, vanozvipira vanovandudzawo hunyanzvi hwakadai sekunzwira tsitsi, moyo murefu uye kushanda pamwe chete.
MuMadrid, semuenzaniso, zvirongwa zvinotungamirwa ne "La Frontera Social" hazvisi kungotsvaga kudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekutanga, asiwo kugadzira nharaunda inosanganisirwa. Vazvipiri vanogashira kudzidziswa kwekutanga uye kushanda padhuze nevadzidzi, vachigadzirisa zvidzidzo kune zvavanoda uye kumhanya.
Zvirongwa izvi, pamwe chete nedzimwe dzakafanana munyika yose, zvinoratidza kuti kuverenga hakungoshanduri upenyu hwevanorigamuchira chete, asiwo vevaya vanoridzidzisa.
Kurwisa kusagona kuverenga, zvese zvechinyakare uye zvedhijitari, harisi basa riri nyore, asi kuedza kwese kwakakosha. Zvipupuriro zvevanhu vakaita saMaría Jesús, Manuela naRaúl mienzaniso yekuti mukana wechipiri wedzidzo unogona sei kuchinja hupenyu, kuvhura mikova mitsva yekuzvimirira, kuzviremekedza uye budiriro yemunhu.